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Uterine Prolapse

Uterine prolapse is the pelvic organ prolapse condition when the uterus descends into the vagina. It may also be known as pelvic floor hernia. The distance the uterus drops may vary. Mild degrees of prolapse are common. They often do not cause symptoms and do not require advanced treatment or surgery, but may be strengthened with pelvic floor rehabilitation such as Kegel exercises.

Women with more severe forms of this condition often will have a feeling of pelvic pressure or a tight, pulling feeling in the vagina or lower back. The cervix may protrude from the vagina. This may cause discomfort or problems with sex. Severe uterine prolapse is often accompanied by some degree of vaginal vault prolapse, when the top of the vagina loses its support and drops into the vaginal canal. In some cases, women experiencing uterine prolapse choose to have an abdominal or vaginal hysterectomy to remove the uterus. Robotically assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy is a minimally invasive alternative to traditional surgery.

Causes of Uterine Prolapse

Muscle weakness and the stretching of supportive pelvic tissues often occur with aging after childbirth. The reduction of estrogen production after menopause further weakens muscles and contributes to the risk of uterine prolapse. Obesity, chronic coughing, heavy lifting or straining may also increase the risk.

Symptoms of Uterine Prolapse

  • Discomfort or pressure in the vagina
  • Lump or bulge at the vaginal opening
  • Urinary urge and/or stress incontinence
  • Incomplete voiding of bladder
  • Sexual dysfunction or painful intercourse
  • Frequent urinary tract infections (UTIs)
  • Pain in pelvis, lower abdomen, groin or lower back
  • Vaginal bleeding or excess discharge

Testing for Uterine Prolapse

  • Pelvic exam
  • Urodynamics
  • Cytoscopy
  • Voiding Cystourethrogram

Treatment for Uterine Prolapse

  • Diet/lifestyle modifications
  • Pelvic rehabilitation
  • Pessary placement
  • Pelvic organ prolapse surgery (sacrocolpopexy)
  • Anterior vaginal wall repair surgery with or without mesh augmentation
  • Robotic laparoscopic surgery
  • Hysterectomy


Medical Disclaimer: The information provided in the Bladder Health Program of South Florida website should be used solely for educational purposes. It is not intended to replace the independent judgment of a healthcare provider. The appropriateness of a course of treatment for a patient may vary from the medical information provided herein due to individual conditions and/or complications. Always ask your physician about all treatment options, as well as the risks and benefits.

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